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Sodium bromide NaBr is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr. It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Applications
Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry. It is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.
Medicine
Also known as Sedoneural, sodium bromide has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective. In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.
Preparation of other bromine compounds
Sodium bromide is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas. It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction:
NaBr + RCl → RBr + NaCl (R = alkyl)
Once a large need in photography, but now shrinking, the photosensitive salt silver bromide is prepared using NaBr.
Disinfectant
Sodium bromide is used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant for hot tubs and swimming pools.
Petroleum industry
Sodium bromide is used to prepare dense fluids used in oil wells.
Safety
NaBr has a very low toxicity with an oral LD50 estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats. However, this is a single-dose value. Bromide ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half life (in excess of a week in humans): see potassium bromide.
Other applications
Sodium Bromide is used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine.
It is used as a source of the bromide ion, which is pharmacologically active.
It is used in photography
It is used to establish a bromide ion reserve in a bromine spa (hot tub) antimicrobial treatment regimen.
It is used as pesticide.
It is used as destarching agent for cotton printing mill, also used for papermaking industry.